BAJZA JÓZSEF

Born January 31, 1804 in Szücsi, died March 3, 1858 in Pest. Poet, critic, editor, translator, publicist. Descendant of landowning family. Completed gymnasium studies in Gyöngyös and Pest and university studies in Pest, where he formed a lasting friendship with Ferenc ToIdy, to whom he wrote letters from 1821 to 1830 revealing the development of his individuality and world view. Sought a literary career. First poem published in 1822. Knew Latin and German. Gained early recognition from Károly Kisfaludy (q.v.), became member of Kisfaludy's inner circle, to which Mihály Vörösmarty (q.v.); and Toldy also belonged, with whom he formed the "triász," or triad, of 1830's. Read law and served in barrister's office in Pozsony and Heves County 1823-1824. Clerk of delegate from Heves County to meetings of Parliament in Pozsony 1825-1827. Law student in Pest 1827-1828. Passed bar examination in 1829, but continued to pursue literary career. Married Juliánna Csajághy. Edited several periodicals. Kritikai Lapok, 1831-1836; Aurora (yearbook), 1832-1837; Athenaeum, 1837-1843; Ellenőr, 1847 (a political handbook published in Germany to evade the censor), Kossuth Hírlapja, July-December 1848; and Futár, July 1849, of which only one number appeared. Corresponding member of Academy in 1831, regular member in 1832. Director of National Theater August 1837-June 1838 and October 1847-May 1848. Engaged mainly in historical writing 1844-1847. Forced to flee to provinces in 1849 during Revolution; returned to Pest permanently in 1851. Economic circumstances worsened and troubled him the rest of his life. ¶ Helped to establish song as genre in Hungarian poetry and was especially successful in use of lyrical ballad. His poems with patriotic and political themes are generally considered his best. His literary criticism was deeply influenced by classical and German theories, and his writings on dramaturgy form the most lasting part of his literary activity. He translated works by Goethe, Uhland, Immermann, Herder, Anastasius Grünn, and Schiller. ¶ Some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, English, German, Hebrew, Italian, Rumanian, and Russian, "Sóhajtás" most frequently translated.

FIRST EDITIONS.Külföldi játékszín. Kiadja Bajza József. [A gyűrű, vígjáték németből Schröder után Bajza; s Lessing és Schröder irodalmi arcképeik a kiadótól] I. kötet. Pest, 1830. [From Szinnyei, I, 350] - Toldalék. Észrevételek a Conversations-lexikoni pörhöz gróf Dezsewffy József ellen. [Vita] Székes-Fehérvár. Számmer Pál, 1830, 50p. - Válasz Döbrentei Gábornak a Conversations-Lexicon ügyében. Pest. n.p., 1830. 20p. - Replica, vagy mellyik a valódi Aurora törvény és józan ész előtt? Feleletül Horváth Istvánnak. [Vita] Pest. n.p., 1834. 8 leaves. - Versei. Buda, 1835. [From Pintér, VI, 642] - Az éjszakamerikai egyesült országok történetei. Írta Hermann Lardner. [Csak részben az ő fordítása] II. kötet. Pest, 1836. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Pillangó. Külföldi válogatott elbeszélések zsebkönyve. Kiadta Széplaki Erneszt. [Fordítás] Buda, 1836. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Pesti magyar színésztársaság törvényei. Pest, 1837. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Munkácsy János huszonhat hazugsága. Orosz Százada 79. számában. [Vita) Pest. Athenaeum, 1838. 4p. - Szózat a Pesti Magyar Színház ügyében. [Röpirat] Buda. Magyar Királyi Egyetemi Nyomda, 1839. 91p. - Az angol forradalom története. Dahlmanntól. [Fordítás] Buda, 1844. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Az emberi mívelődés történetei. Kolb után németből szabadon fordította. Buda, 1844. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Új Plutarch. A szöveg német eredetijét magyarázta. I-II/1-2. kötet. Buda, 1845-1847. [From Szinnyei, I, 351] - Világtörténet a legrégibb időktől korunkig. I. kötet. - A hajdankor. Pest. Hartleben K. Adolf, 1846. 931p. - Összegyűjtött munkái. I-II. kötet. Pest. Emich Gusztáv, 1851. [2d, enl. ed., 1861-1863, 6 vols.]

EDITIONS

See also no. 378. Editorial work. p. 621.

359. Összegyűjtött munkái. Sajtó alá rendezte Badics Ferenc. I-VI. kötet. [Bővített kiadás] Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1899-19013. [B]

1. kötet: Költeményei. [Eredeti és fordítások] 1901. 363p.

2. kötet: Eredeti regék és elbeszélések. Külföldi válogatott elbeszélések (Irving Washington, Scott Walter, Bulwer, Head Richard, Goethe). A gyűrű. Vígjáték. A megholt unoka. Vígjáték. 1899. 476p.

3. kötet: Kisebb történeti írások. Történeti és írói arcképek (Zrínyi Miklós, Dante, Tasso, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron, Molière, Racine, Marmontel, Lessing, Schiller, Goethe, Wieland, Uhland, stb.). 1899. 402p.

4. kötet: Széptani és kritikai írások. Vitairatok. 1899. 610p.

5. kötet: Dramaturgiai írások. 1900. 404p.

6. kötet: Levelei. [Toldy Ferenchez, Kazinczy Ferenchez, stb.] 1900. 487p.

DLC ICU InU MnU NN NNC GeLU

360. Költeményei. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 19046. 197p. [C] GeLU

361. Munkái. Sajtó alá rendezte és bevezetéssel ellátta Badics Ferenc. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1904. 344p. [C] DLC MH MnU NNC OCl FiHI GeLBM GeLU GyBH

362. Művei. Kiadja Szücsi József. I. kötet. költemények, novella, kritikák. [Only vol. published] Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1914. 278p. [B] AsWN GeLBM

363. Munkái. Költemények. Tanulmányok. Négyesy László bevezetésével. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1928. 220p. [C] MH NNC

364. Dramaturgiája. Összeállította Lóránd Lajos. Budapest: Színháztudományi Intézet, 1949. 40p. [C]

365. Válogatott cikkek és tanulmányok. Válogatta, bevezette és az útmutatót írta Lukácsy Sándor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954. 304p. [B] DLC MnU FiHU GyBDS GyBH

366. Válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte Kordé Imre, válogatta, bevezette és a jegyzeteket készítette Tóth Dezső. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1959. 526p. [B] DLC NN NNC GeCU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyBNSU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See nos. 368 and 380.

BIOGRAPHY

367. Toldy Ferenc. "Emlékbeszéd Bajza József felett," Irodalmi beszédei. I-II. kötet. Pest. Ráth Mór, 1870-1872. II, 3-28. [Read to the Magyar Tudományos Akadémia on December 22, 1861; appeared in Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Évkönyvei, X, no. 7 (1862), 1-15]

Significant elements of his life and literary and critical development in relation to the age and its writers. Based on Toldy's personal recollections. GeLBM GyBH

368. Szántó Zsigmond. Bajza József. Irodalomtörténeti tanulmány. Esztergom. Laiszky János, 1884, 152p.

Considerable attention to his relationships with writers, to literary and language questions of his times, and to his writings. Bibliography, pp. 151-152.

369. Baló József. "Bajza József dramaturgiai munkálkodása," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XV (1891), 841-860, 951-967. [Also a reprint]

His dramaturgical activities from 1829 to 1847: editor of a drama collection, drama critic, and his involvement in the National Theater and eventual acceptance of its directorship (1847). Bibliographical footnotes. IU MH MnU NNC OClW OCU AsWU FiHI GyBH

370. Szücsi József. Bajza József. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1914. 497p.

Major attention to his writings by chapters. Appendix. Three branches of the family tree. Bibliographical footnotes. ICU MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU GeLBM

CRITICISM

See also no. 4153.

371. Péterfy Jenő. "Bajza József (1821-1828)," Összegyűjtött munkái. I-III. kötet. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1901-1903. I, 160-219. [Appeared in Budapesti Szemle, XXXI,no. 69 (1882), 321-355]

Concerned with the emergence of the poet and the development of the critic from the poet during his early years, 1821-1828. MH MnU NNC OCl GeLBM GeLU GyBH

372. Ruik László. Bajza József kritikai működése. Bölcsészet doktori értekezés. Kassa. Ries Lajos, 1896. 134p.

A three-part study of his critical career: (1) from 1828 to his beginning the Kritikai Lapok in 1831, (2) from 1830 to thebeginning of the Athenaeum in 1837, and (3) to his editorship of the Athenaeum in 1843. Bibliographical footnotes.

373. Kürti Menyhért. Bajza mint költő. Budapest: Stephanaeum, 1899. 100p.

A study of his poems: details of their publication, their development in his career, their form and thought, their melancholy, their use of nature, the influences upon them. Attention to his translations. Views his poetry as a significant part of his creativity. MnU GyBH

374. Pfeiffer János. "Bajza aesthetikai dolgozatai," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, X (1900), 287-321. [Also a reprint]

An examination of his aesthetics based on "Az epigramma theoriája," "A románköltésről," and his activities as a drama critic. Attention to foreign influences. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH

375. Móricz Zsigmond. "Bajza nagy polémiái (1828-1831)," Válogatott irodalmi tanulmányok. A kötetet összeállította Vargha Kálmán. Budapest: Művelt Nép, 1952, 380p. Pp. 25-60. [Appeared in Uránia, IV (April, 1903), 146-154; (May, 1903), 202-208]

His individuality on the basis of the critical controversies in which he engaged from 1828 to 1831, and his connection with the significant internal literary revolution which ran from the founding of the Aurora (1832) to the cessation of the Athenaeum (1843) and which transformed Hungarian literary life and established today's literary society. DLC MH MnU NB NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeCU GyBDS

376. Bajza József. "Bajza József költői nyelvéről," Magyar Nyelvőr, XXXVII (1908), 13-25. [Also a reprint]

An effort to determine the individual character of his diction by means of the psychological method: its gentleness and "irrealitás." MH NN NNC AsWN FiHI GyBH

377. Patai József. "Bajza és Lessing," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XXXII (1908), 33-47, 205-223, 354-369. [Also a reprint]

Traces the influence of Lessing's writings on his works by literary genres, and maintains that he was a student of Lessing and accompanied by him in all stages of his work. Bibliographical footnotes. IU MH MnU NNC OClW OCU [AsWN] FiHU GyBH

378. Lóránd Lajos (összeáll.). Bajza József dramaturgiája. Budapest: Színháztudományi Intézet, 1949. 40p.

Records with brief comment Bajza's views about the drama: acting, directing, aesthetics, opinions of great actors (Gábor Egressy, Márton Lendvay, Mrs. Anikó Lendvay, Zsigmond Szentpétery, Károly Megyeri, Lajos Fáncsy, János Bartha).

379. Lukácsy Sándor. "Bajza József (1804-1858)," Bajza József: Válogatott cikkek és tanulmányok. Válogatta, a bevezetőt és az útmutatót írta Lukácsy Sándor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954; 304p. Pp. 5-26.

The development of his critical and political principles, the character of his critical writings, and his literary career from 1828 to 1849. DLC MnU FiHU GyBDS GyBH

380. Forgács László. Bajza és Belinszkij. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1955. 103p.

Purpose: to clarify his critical patterns and major creative points by examining the connections of his works with the Age of Reform and Belinskii's critical viewpoints. Finds that all the complexities of the Hungarian Revolution in 1848-1849 are mirrored in Bajza's criticism and aesthetic principles. Bibliographical notes, pp. 90-94. Summaries: Russian, pp. 97-98; German, pp. 99-101. DLC MH AsWN GyBDS GyGGaU GyGNSU

381. Cushing, G. F. "József Bajza," Slavonic and East European Review (University of London), XXXVII (1958), 99-112.

After a biographical discussion examines his writings by genres to link him to the times and its literary development and to reveal their distinctive characteristics. Viewed as a writer who sought to establish a sound native tradition through the imitation of the best foreign models but who insisted on linking the newly-rooted literature to the increasing nationalism of the times. Bibliographical footnotes. Widely available in U.S.

382. Tóth Dezső. "Bevezetés," Bajza József válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte Kordé Imre, válogatta, bevezette és a jegyzeteket készítette Tóth Dezső. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1959; 526p. Pp. 7-48.

His literary career: his beginning in the 1820's with his poetry; the commencement of his work in criticism with the appearance of "Az epigramma teóriája" in 1828; his views of criticism and dramaturgy; his editorship of Kritikai Lapok and Athenaeum; the emergence of his patriotic poetry in the 1840's; and his activities in 1848-1849 and after 1849. DLC NN GeCU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

BALASSI BÁLINT

Born October 20, 1554 in Zólyom; died May 30, 1594 in Esztergom. Poet. Name also written Balassa. Descendant of aristocratic family. Beginning in 1562, was tutored by Péter Bornemisza (q.v.), whose Lutheranism gave a religious cast to Balassi's mind; sent to Nürnberg at 14 to study. Attended parliamentary session in Pozsony with father in 1572. Lived in Egervár and environs in 1574 and fell in love with Anna Losonczi, an unfortunate youthful love affecting his whole life. Much troubled by legal actions involving estate and by frequent unhappy love affairs. Began military career in 1575 in Transylvania. Joined court of István Báthory in Poland in 1576. Knew Turkish and Italian well. Returned home in 1577. Wanted to return to Poland but joined military forces as lieutenant in cavalry in Eger in 1579,where he served till 1582. Participated in Siege of Hanva in 1580. Entered into short-lived and unfortunate marriage with Krisztina Dobó in 1585. Became Catholic in 1586. Accepted assignment in Érsekújvár in 1588 but lost post because of love affair with commander's wife. Entered voluntary exile in Poland in 1589. Lived on grounds of Hungarian College in Braunsberg about 1590. Returned to Hungary in 1591 on hearing of renewed battles between Hungarian and Turkish forces. Died of severe wounds during Siege of Esztergom three years later. ¶ First to write distinguished lyric poems in Hungarian. Love poems best part of his writings. Love verses of youth written 1575-1584, among which a group of poems known as "Anna versek" stand out. "Júlia-ciklus" written 1588-1589, addressed to Anna Losonczi. These two groups represent the highest level of his poetic art, blending, in a highly individual way, the love poetry of European humanism, under the influence of Angerianus and Marullus, with many elements of traditional Hungarian folk poetry. His "Vitézi-énekek" express beauties he found in soldierly life; Istenes énekek, religious views. Broke new ground in Hungary by employing Renaissance form of drama, also written in Hungarian, Of two dramas, only Szép magyar comoedia (1588-1589) remains; Jephte is lost. His prose shows mature Renaissance style; especially apparent in a translation of Campianus, published after his death. ¶ Some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, English, Finnish, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Swedish.

FIRST EDITIONS:Beteg lelkeknek való füves kertecske. [Vallásos elmélkedés] Krakkó, 1572. [From Pintér, II, 261] - Campianus Edmondnak okai. Bécs, 1607. [From Pintér, II, 261] - Gyarmati Balassa Bálintnak Istenes énekei. [Versek] A kiadást gondozta Ferenczffy Lőrinc és Nyéki Vörös Mátyás. Bécs: n.p., 1632-1635 között. 190p.

EDITIONS

See also no. 411.

383. Balassa Bálint, Gyarmati - Rimai János Istenes éneki. [Hozzákötve:] Egynéhány oktató régulák által vezérlő úta minden útonjáró igaz izraélitának. Most újobban e kisformában ki-botsátatott. Pozsony és Pest: Landerer, 1806. 357, 9, 42p. [C]

384. Költeményei. Szerkesztette, jegyzetekkel és bevezetéssel ellátta Szilády Áron. Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat, 1879. 354p. [B] NNC AsWN GeLBM

385. Balassa Bálint, báró - Zrínyi Miklós, gróf [munkái]. Sajtó alá rendezte és bevezetéssel ellátta Széchy Károly. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1905. 366p. [C] DLC MnU NN NNC OCl FiHU GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU

386. Minden munkái. Életrajzi bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátva kiadta Dézsi Lajos. I-II. kötet. Budapest: Genius, 1923. [B]

1. kötet: Istenhez tött keresztény buzgó könyörgések vagy Istenes énekek. Egyeledett állapotrul való elvegyült énekek. Júliáról szerzett énekek. Coelia dalok. 212p.

2. kötet: Balassának tulajdonított költemények. Az Istenes énekek függelékében között énekek. A Radvánszky-kódex vegyes énekei. A Kékkői kézirat Balassa-énekei. Eurialusnak és Lucretiának szép historiája. Credulus és Júlia. Balassa-levelek és okiratok. A két Balassa halálra írt költemények. Bibliográfia (see no. 398). 796p.

CtY MH MnU NN NNC GeLU

387. Balassa Bálint, Gyarmati Istenes énekei, melyek az 1632-1635 között kinyomatott bécsi első editióbul most hasonmásban újonnan kibocsáttattak Varjas Béla által. [Facsimile] Budapest: Rózsavölgyi és Társa, 1941. 190p.

388. Összes költeményei. E kiadást sajtó alá rendezte Kovách Aladár. Budapest: Stádium, 1942. 216p. [C]

389. Balassa-kódex. Bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel közzéteszi Varjas Béla. [Also contains poems by János Rimay and Miklós Zrínyi] Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1944. 196p. [A] DLC InU MH WaU FiHU GeCU GyGNSU

390. Összes művei: Összeállította Eckhardt Sándor. I-II. kötet. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1951-1955. [A]

1. kötet: Költemények, drámatöredékek, emlékiratok, levelezés. 1951. 427p.

2. kötet: Prózai művek. Pótlások az 1. kötethez: újonnan előkerült versek, levelek, iratok. 1955. 159p.

CtY DLC MH MnU [NN] NNC TxU FiHU [GeCU] GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

391. Összes versei. Sajtó alá rendezte Bóta László, bevezette Fekete Sándor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954. 272p. [B] DLC FiHI FiHU GyBDS GyBH

392. Összes versei és levelei. Sajtó alá rendezte Eckhardt Sándor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1955. 398p. [A] MH MnU FiHU GyBDS GyGNSU

393. Válogatott versei. Válogatta és az előszót írta Nagy László. Budapest: Móra Ferenc, 1957. 157p. [C] DLC GyBDS GyBH

394. Balassi Bálint szép magyar komédiája. A Fanchali-Jób-kódex magyar és szlovák versei. Szerkesztette Jan Mišianik, Eckhardt Sándor és Klaniczay Tibor. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Irodalomtörténeti Intézete, 1959; 207p. Pp. 33-126. [A] DLC MH NNC AsWN GyBDS GyGNSU

395. Gyarmathi Balassa Bálinthnak Thirsisinek Angelicával, Sylvanusnak Galatheával való szerelmekrül szép magyar comoedia. A költő nyelvére és a mai helyesírásra átírta s a hiányokat kiegészítette Eckhardt Sándor. Budapest Akadémiai Kiadó, 1960. 115p. [A] DLC NN NNC GeCU GeLBM GyBH

396. Összes versei és a Szép magyar komédiája. Sajtó alá rendezte Eckhardt Sándor, az utószót írta Klaniczay Tibor. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1961. 253p. [B] DLC NN NNC FiHU GeCU GeLU GyBDS GyGGaU GyGNSU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See also nos. 402, 403, 404, 409, and 413.

397. Dézsi Lajos (összeáll.). "Balassa és Rimay 'Istenes énekei'-nek bibliographiája," Rimay János munkái. A Radvánszky- és a Sajókazai-codexek szövege szerint kiadja báró Radvánszky Béla. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1904; 380p. 104p.

This bibliography of Balassa's and Rimay's Istenes énekei is a separately numbered appendix of the work cited. Descriptions of the editions from the first to the 1806 edition of Pozsony. Transcriptions and facsimiles of editions to 1704 and of page 95 from the 1635-40 edition, the latter so that defective copies could be determined. Also contains editions which are known only through recollection, so that search for them could be assisted. Provides library locations. Descriptions of 39 editions. Closing section lists editions in chronological order. DLC MH AsWN GeLBM GeLU GyBH GyGNSU

398. Dézsi Lajos (összeáll.). "Bibliográfia," Balassa Bálint minden munkái. Életrajzi bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátva kiadta Dézsi Lajos. I-II.kötet. Budapest: Genius, 1923. II, 665-779.

Bibliographical data on individual writings and the sources in which they are originally to be found. CtY MH MnU NN NNC GeLU

399. Waldapfel József. Balassi költeményeinek kronológiája. Budapest: Pallas, 1927. 43p.

An establishment of the chronological order of the composition of his poems: (1) evidence from the text of the Radvánszky-kódex, (2) the love songs, (3) the Istenes énekek not to be found in the Radvánszky-kódex, and (4) the development of his practices in versification as a basis for establishing their chronology. Bibliographical footnotes. MnU GyBH

BIOGRAPHY

See also no. 3161.

400. Erdélyi Pál. Balassa Bálint. 1551 [1554]-1594. Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat, 1899. 251p.

Aims to remove the romantic image of the poet and to place his lyrics in a clearer light by constructing a historically sound characterization of the man, his relations with others, and his times. Appendix: The background for his oil portrait, and the discovery of the fragment of the Comoedia. Bibliographical footnotes. Illustrations and facsimiles. CoU NN NNC GeLBM GyBH

401. Kálmán Sámuel. Báró Gyarmati Balassa Bálint költészetéből. (Katonai, természeti, hazafias és Istenes énekei) Budapest: Berkovits-Nyomda, 1906. 59p.

Mainly a characterization of the poet based on the examination of his military, nature, patriotic, and religious lyrics poems. Bibliographical footnotes.

402. Eckhardt Sándor. Balassi Bálint. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1941. 224p.

Underlying purpose: to bring closer to the contemporary Hungarian the clearly perceptible but complex contradictions of Balassi's inner burdens, whose lifework effectuated the first synthesis of Hungarian and European intellectual life. Views the whole of the poet's life, and his writings and their relationships with his life. Not concerned with matters of style and diction. Bibliographical notes, pp. 219-224. MnU NNC GeLBM GeLU

403. Eckhardt Sándor. Az ismeretlen Balassi Bálint. Budapest: Magyar Szemle Társaság, 1943. 313p.

Based on new primary sources. Bibliographical notes, pp. 221-304. Illustrations. NN NNC GeLBM GeLU

404. Eckhardt Sándor. Új fejezetek Balassi Bálint viharos életéből. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1957. 104p.

Additions to his life based on materials in Western Slovakian archives, especially the archive in Selmecbánya, and on visits to places in Czechoslovakia where the poet had stayed. Bibliographical notes, pp. 71-102. Illustrations. DLC MnU NNC AsWN FiHI GeCU GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

CRITICISM

405. Csillagh Mór. Balassa Bálint báró virágénekeiről. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1890. 87p.

A study of "Virág énekek" as to their connections with the circumstances of his life, in an effort to face existing disagreements among scholars about the lyrics. Closes with a discussion of their form and foreign influences on them. Bibliographical footnotes. GeLBM

406. Eckhardt Sándor. "Balassi Bálint irodalmi mintái," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XXIII (1913), 171-192, 405-450. [Also a reprint]

Purpose: to show the general and particular connections between his love lyrics and the literature of his age. In three parts: (l) the international pattern (humanistic love poetry, Italian [French] love poetry, German song collections, Turkish love poetry), (2) the influence of international poetry on his lyrics, and (3) his use of formal patterns. Bibliographical footnotes. CtY DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM GyBH

407. Zolnai Béla. "Balassi és a platonizmus," Minerva, VII (1928), 153-214.

An effort to link his individuality with 16th-century humanism and its new ideal of life - a spiritualism leading back to Platonic philosophy. Provides the background for the problem in Balassi and the milieu of the age in Europe and Hungary, and examines his poems for evidences of Platonism. Maintains that his entire attitude, spiritual ideals, and poetic motifs are within the European modes of Platonism. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC NjP NN NNC FiHU GyBH

408. Imre Ilma. Balassa Bálint hatása a XVII. sz. névtelen költőire. (A Vásárhelyi daloskönyv alapján) Budapest: Dunántúl Könyvkiadó, 1930. 153p.

A study of 60 songs in the Vásárhelyi songbook to show Balassi's influence on unidentified poets. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC NN GeLBM GyBH

409. Sáfrány István. Balassa probléma. [Bölcsészetdoktori értekezés] Pécs: Pannonia, 1931. 94p.

Discusses the problem of spelling his name, the character of his poetry and critical views of his poems, the nature of his verse forms, the chronology of his writings, and the qualities of "Cantio alia." Bibliography, pp. [95-96]. MnU

410. Waldapfel József. "Balassi és az olasz irodalom," Irodalmi tanulmányok. Válogatott cikkek, előadások, glosszák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1957; 555p. Pp. 104-134. [Appeared as "Balassi, Credulus és az olasz irodalom" in Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XLVII (1937), 142-154, 260-272,354-365]

The influence of Italian literature on his lyrics and on Credulus és Júlia. Attention to previous studies and viewpoints on the question. Believes him to be strongly affected by Italian literature. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH NN NNC AsWN GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

411. Eckhardt Sándor. "Jegyzetek a Balassi-verskézirathoz," Irodalomtörténet, XLII (1954), 274-282.

A discussion of five recently discovered epigrams in manuscript containing titles and texts in his hand: two of them previously unknown, three of them parts of longer poems States that they seem to indicate that he wanted to develop the form in Hungary. CU DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

412. Reményi Joseph Three Hungarian poets: Bálint Balassa, Miklós Zrínyi, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz. Washington, D.C.: Hungarian Reformed Federation of America, 1955. 64p.

Individual essays on Balassi, Zrínyi, and Csokonai giving attention to biographical materials and commenting on the literary merits and characteristics of their works. DLC ICU IU MH MiU MnU NcU NNC OCl OClW PLF and others; GyGGaU

413. Klaniczay Tibor. "Hozzászólás Balassi és Rimay verseinek kritikai kiadásához," Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelv- és Irodalomtudományi Osztályának Közleményei, XI (1957), 265-338.

Purpose: to examine critically the manuscripts and printed works of the two poets and establish their correct texts and the chronological order of their composition, beyond points already established by scholarship, as a means of helping their study by literary historians and critics. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MnU NNC GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

414. Eckhardt Sándor. "Balassi Bálint írói szándéka," Irodalomtörténet, XLVI (1958), 339-349.

Purpose: to throw light on the influences which led him to become a poet. Attention to his views of his poetry and to his relations with Rimay. CU DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH

415. Eckhardt Sándor. "Balassi Bálint Szép magyar comoediája," Balassi Bálint Szép magyar komédiája. Sajtó alá rendezte Jan Mišianik, Eckhardt Sándor és Klaniczay Tibor. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Irodalomtörténeti Intézete, 1959; 207p. Pp. 33-48.

Primarily his departures from the original of Cristoforo Castelletti's Amarilli (1587) and these changes as revealing his own views and attitudes, especially on his giving himself over to love not solely in his poetry but in his life, and as showing his contributions to the development of the Hungarian language. DLC MH NNC AsWN GyBDS GyGNSU

416. Klaniczay Tibor. "A szerelem költője," Reneszánsz és barokk. Tanulmányok a régi magyar irodalomról. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1961; 595p. Pp. 183-295. [Appeared in Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelv- és Irodalomtudományi Osztályának Közleményei, XVII (1961), 165-246]

After discussing the love lyrics of the Renaissance and those of Hungary in the same period, examines his love lyrics as to their form and content, their expression of the humanism of his times and the Renaissance, their development and background, and the literary influences upon them. DLC MnU NN AsWN GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyGNSU

417. Vujicsics D. Sztoján. "Balassi Bálint délszláv versformái," Filológiai Közlöny, VII (1961), 117-126. [Read to the Hungarian Literary Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, in fall 1958]

After discussing Balassi's knowledge of and connection with Serbo-Croatian culture, shows his use of Southern Slav verse forms in two poems: "Aenigma" (1577) and "Bécsi Zuzsannáról s Anna-Máriáról szerzette" (1589). Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH NN AsWN GeLBM GeOB GyBDS GyBH

BALÁZS BÉLA

Born August 4, 1884 in Szeged; died May 17, 1949 in Budapest: Poet, short-story writer, novelist, dramatist, film aesthetician. Original name. Herbert Bauer. Father teacher in gymnasium. Completed schooling in Szeged and Lőcse, where family lived until father died, when mother returned with children to Szeged. With help of father's friends he attended Eötvös Kollégium Budapest, where he became especially interested in Hungarian and German literature and philosophy and formed friendships with Géza Laczkó, Dezső Szabó (qq.v.), and Zoltán Kodály. Spent year on fellowship in Berlin 1906; also visited Paris. Became teacher in higher elementary school on return. After 1908 he associated himself with new trends in Hungarian literature, and some of his poems were published in 1908 and 1909 volumes of the anthology, A Holnap. Traveled in Berlin, Paris, Switzerland, and Italy 1911-1912. Afterwards obtained position with Fővárosi Pedagógiai Szeminárium. Served in army during World War I. Supported Revolutionary Government in 1918-1919 and held number of posts: member of literary directorate, head of literary department of Közoktatásügyi Népbiztosság, and director of theater activities. After failure of Revolutionary Government he emigrated to Vienna, where he participated in literary activities of Communist writers. Went to Berlin in 1926, where he published some of his works and was, briefly, director of Association of Workers' Theater, but devoted most attention to directing motion pictures and waiting movie scripts. Left Berlin in 1931 settling in Moscow, where he became a teacher in the Moscow Film Academy, directed several motion pictures, and played an important part in publishing Hungarian periodicals there and in the work of the Organization of Revolutionary Writers. Returned to Hungary in September 1945. Edited Fényszóró, worked for revival of Hungarian motion pictures. Taught at Színművészeti Főiskola and became director of Filmtudományi Intézet. Lived for few months in Szeged in 1946. Awarded Kossuth Prize for past contributions to literature. Wrote very little after return to Hungary. ¶ His poems, short stories, and dramas show movement from symbolism to realism. Poems written during emigration are concerned with struggles of Hungarians and longings of exiled Hungarians for home, often with intonations of folk song; those composed during World War II are often considered to be the most lasting. Writings on aesthetics and theory of motion pictures significant. Béla Bartók used his A kékszakállú herceg vára as operatic libretto. ¶ Álmodó ifjúság and Hét mese have been translated into German; Csodálatosságok könyve into Slovakian; Az igazi égszinkék into Czech, English, German, Russian, and Slovakian; and some of his poems into French, German, and Russian.

EDITIONS

See also no. 74 for annotated work.

418. Halálesztétika. Budapest: Deutsch Zsigmond és Társa, 19081. 60p. NNC

419. Dr. Szélpál Margit. Tragoedia három felvonásban. Budapest: Nyugat, 19091. 142p. NNC

420. Hebbel Frigyes pantragizmusa, mint a romantikus világnézet eredménye. Budapest, 1909. [From Gulyás, I, 1166; reprinted from Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, 1909]

421. A csend. Novellák. Budapest, 19111. [From Gulyás, I, 1166]

422. A vándor énekel. Op. II. [Versek] Budapest: Nyugat, 19111. 87p. [19182] NNC GeLBM GyBH

423. Misztériumok. Három egyfelvonásos. [A kékszakállú herceg vára, A tündér, A szent szűz vére] Budapest: Nyugat, 19121. 119p. [1918] NN NNC GyBH

424. Dialogus a dialogusról. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19131. 52p.

425. Történet a Lógody-utcáról, a tavaszról, a halálról és a messzeségről. [Novella] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19131. 32p. GyBH

426. Az utolsó nap. Dráma négy felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19131. 86p. GyBH

427. Lélek a háborúban. Balázs Béla honvédtizedes naplója. Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19161. 154p. NNC AsWN GeLBM

428. Tristan hajóján. [Versek] Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19161. 78p. GyBH

429. Halálos fiatalság. Dráma. Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19171. 128p. DLC GeLBM GyBH

430. Hét mese. [A három hűséges királyleány, Mosolygó Tündér Ilona, Muzsikus mese, A szent rabló legendája, A csend, Kis gyermekeknek kell ezt mesélni, Wan-Hur-sen könyve] Gyoma: Kner lzidor, 19171. 200p. IC MiD NNC GeLBM GyBH

431. Játékok. [A fából faragott királyfi, A halász és a hold ezüstje] Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19171. 59p. NNC GeLBM GyBH

432. Kísértet-históriák. Idegen írók novellái. Fordította Balázs Béla. [Bálint Aladárral] Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19171. 200p. IC NNC GyBH

433. Doktor Szélpál Margit. Tragédia. Átdolgozott új kiadás. Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 1918. 97p. NN NNC

434. Dramaturgia. Budapest: Benkő Gyula, 19181. 47p.

435. Kalandok és figurák. Vázlatok. Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19181. 203p. IC NNC OCl

436. A kékszakállú herceg vára. Opera [szövegkönyv]. Budapest: Globus, 19181. 32p.

437. Testvérország. A jó gyermekeknek mesélte Balázs Béla. [Mese] Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19181. 59p. OCl GeLBM GyBH

438. A fekete korsó. Új játékok. [A fekete korsó, A királynő komornája, Napsugár és kígyó, A könnyű ember] Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 19191. 95p. NN NNC

439. Isten tenyerén. Regény. Kolozsvár, 19211. [From Gulyás, I, 1167]

440. Túl a testen. Regény. Wien, 19211. [From Gulyás, I, 1167]

441. Férfiének. Új versek. Wien. Elbemühl, 19231. 58p. AsWN AsWU GyBDS

442. Der Mantel der Träume. Märchen. Wien, 19231. [From Gulyás, I, 1168)

443. Sörensen Frida. Regény. Írta H. Courts-Mahler. [Fordítás] Kolozsvár, 19231. [From Gulyás, I, 1168]

444. Der sichtbare Mensch oder die Kultur des Films. Essay. Wien, 19241, [From Gulyás, I, 1168]

445. Der Phantasie-Reiseführer das ist ein Baedeker der Seele Für Sommerfrischler. [Erzählungen] Berlin, Wien und Leipzig. Paul Zsolnay, 19251. 99p.

446. Das richtige Himmelsblau. 3. Märchen von Kindern. München, 19251. [From Gulyás; I, 1168]

447. Achtung, Aufnahme! Katastrophe. Sine loco, 19291. [From Gulyás, I, 1168]

448. Hans Urian geht nach Brot. Eine Kindermärchenkomödie von heute. [Dráma] Freiburg im Breisgau. Max Richard, 19291. 74p.

449. Der Geist des Films. Halle, 19301. [From Gulyás, I, 1168]

450. Unmögliche Menschen. Roman. Frankfurt am Main. Rütten und Loening, 19301. 447p. DLC GyBDS

451. Intellektüel aggályoskodás. Praha, 19321. [From Gulyás, I, 1168]

452. Tábortűz mellett. Versek. Moszkva. Mezsdunarodnaja Kniga, 19401. 62p.

453. Két dráma. [Mozart, Hazatérés] Moszkva. Mezsdunarodnaja Kniga, 19411. 138p.

454. Repülj szavam! Versek. Moszkva. Idegennyelvű Irodalmi Kiadó, 19441. 43p. NN

455. Az én útam. Összegyűjtött versek. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1945. 278p. NNC

456. Karcsi kalandjai. Egy német gyerek története. [Ifjúsági regény] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19451. 162p.

457. Mikor Karcsiból Károly lett. Egy német ifjú kalandjai. [Ifjúsági regény] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19451. 198p.

458. Álmodó ifjúság. Regény. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19461. 314p. DLC IC NN OCl GyBH

459. Az igazi égszínkék. Mesék. Budapest: Új Idők, 19461. 157p.

460. Cinka Panna balladája. [Dráma] Budapest: Dolgozók Kultúrszövetsége, 19481. 106p. DLC NN

461. Csodálatosságok könyve. Budapest: Révai, 19481. 163p. NN

462. Filmesztétikai gondolatok. Budapest: Filmtudományi Intézet, 19481. 26p. DLC AsWN

463. Filmkultúra. (A film művészetfilozófiája) Budapest: Szikra, 19481. 255p. DLC NN GyGNSU

464. Emberek a határon. [Regény] Budapest: Szikra, 19491. 188p. DLC

465. 30 év vörös őrségen. Válogatott versek. Budapest. Athenaeum, 19491. 84p. DLC NN

466. Az én utam. Versek. Válogatta és az előszót írta Komlós Aladár. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1958. 254p. [C] DLC MH NN NNC GeCU GyBDS

467. A látható ember. A film szelleme. Bevezették és az életrajzot írták Kertész Pál és Péreli Gabriella. Budapest: Bibliotheca, 1958. 216p. [C] DLC GyBDS

468. Mesék a szerelemről. [Eredeti címe. Hét mese] Sajtó alá rendezte Erdős Magda. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1958. 182p. [C] DLC IC NNC FiHI GyBDS GyBH

469. A kékszakállú herceg vára. [Verses dráma] Az utószót írta Bóka László, a zenei anyagot válogatta Kroó György. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1960. 74p. [C] NNC GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

470. A film. [Eredeti címe: Filmkultúra] A bevezetőt és a jegyzeteket írta Nemeskürty István. Budapest: Gondolat, 1961. 270p. [C] GeLBM

471. A hét királyfi. [Mesék] Budapest: Móra, 1963. 81p. [C] GyBH

472. Karcsi kalandjai. [Regény] Bukarest. Ifjúsági Könyvkiadó, 1963. 140p. [C]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See no. 480.

CRITICISM

See also no. 3940.

473. Kaffka Margit. "Balázs Béla. A vándor énekel," Hullámzó élet. Cikkek, tanulmányok. A válogatás, az előszó és a jegyzetek Bodnár György munkája. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1959; 342p. Pp. 90-93. [Appeared in Nyugat, IV (January 1, 1911), 117-118]

The characteristics and merits of the work based on an examination of 20 poems considered to be the best by the critic. CU DLC NN AsWN GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU

474. Kaffka Margit. "Balázs Béla. Tristán hajóján," Hullámzó élet. Cikkek, tanulmányok. A válogatás, az előszó és a jegyzetek Bodnár György munkája. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1959; 342p. Pp. 93-99. [1st publication; manuscript dated 1916?]

An evaluation of the poems maintaining that he does not belong among the great poets of Hungary but that he has written eight to ten "really beautiful" poems. CU DLC NN AsWN GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU

475. Bölöni György. "Balázs Béla. Lélek a háborúban, Halálos fiatalság, Hét mese, Tristán hajóján," Magyarság, emberség. Budapest: Magvető, 1959; 539p. Pp. 165-173. [Appeared in Világ, no. 120 (April 30, 1916), 22; no. 358 (December 24, 1916), 33; no. ? (1917), p. ?; no. 106 (May 5, 1918), 18]

Discussions of these various editions of his works characterizing their qualities and the creative power apparent in them. DLC NN NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

476. Lukács György. Balázs Béla és akiknek nem kell. Összegyűjtött tanulmányok. Gyoma: Kner Izidor, 1918. 121p.

Outlines the opposition to Balázs's writings and explains his own critical position, then presents individual studies of seven of Balázs's works analyzing their substance and form as a means of showing his strengths as a writer. A vándor énekel, Tristán hajóján, Misztériumok, Doktor Szélpál Margit, Az utolsó nap, Halálos fiatalság, and Hét mese. NNC GyBH

477. Bölöni György. "A jubiláló Balázs Béla," Magyarság, emberség. Budapest: Magvető, 1959; 539p. Pp. 174-176. [Appeared in Forum, II (April, 1947), 306-307]

Characterization of his forty years of activity as a writer. his expression of political and social views for the advancement of the Hungarian people and his ceaseless activity as a writer involved in his own age. DLC NN NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

478. Trencsényi-Waldapfel Imre. "A dialektikus költő," Magyarok, III (1947), 289-292.

The characteristics of his "contrapuntal poetry" and its part in his development. His Férfiének as representing the peak of his development as a poet. [CST-H] MnU [NN] [NNC]

479. Gyertyán Ervin. "Balázs Béla és a film," Kortárs, II (October, 1958), 583-593.

The strengths and weaknesses of his concepts of the cinematic art as expressed in his two studies on the subject, A látható ember and A film szelleme, to indicate his place in film aesthetics in Hungary as a way of confronting the excessive praisers and detractors of his views. DLC MH FiHU GeLBM GyBH

480. Szabolcsi Miklós. "Balázs Béla 1884-1949," Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelv- és Irodalomtudományi Osztályának Közleményei, XXI (1964), 161-181. [Also a reprint]

Biographical details and characterization of various phases of his literary development. Shown as moving from middle-class to socialistic artistry and from isolation to community. Two-part bibliography. editions of his works and studies about him, pp. 180-181. DLC MnU NNC GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

BARÓTI SZABÓ DÁVID

Born April 10, 1739 in Barót; died November 22, 1819 in Virt. Poet, translator. Descendant of ancient Székely family. Entered Jesuit Order in 1757, studied in Nagyszombat; ordained in 1770. After the decentralization of his Order in 1773 taught in Székesfehérvár, Eger, Kassa, Besztercebánya, Várad, Kolozsvár, and Komárom. With Ferenc Kazinczy and János Batsányi (qq.v.) was a co-founder of Magyar Museum in Kassa in 1787. Began writing poetry at Besztercebánya in 1773. Retired to Virt in 1799. Experimented with quantitative meter with József Rájnis, but the collaboration failed. ¶ Founder of the Classical School with publication of his Új mértékre vett külömb versek (1777). Considered generally to be the best of the classical "triász" formed with Rájnis and Miklós Révai. Wrote mostly poetry and perpetuated the use of ancient verse forms in Hungarian poetry. Interested in linguistic problems. His translations of Vanière's Praedium rusticum, Milton's Paradise lost (based on a Latin version), and Virgil's Aeneid are among the notable achievements of the period.

FIRST EDITIONS:Új mértékre vett külömb verseknek három könyvei. Kassa: Landerer Mihály, 1777. 287p. - Vanière: Paraszti majorság, mellyet Vanierből hat lábbal mérséklett magyar versbe foglalt . . . Baróthi Szabó Dávid. I-II.rész. Pozsony és Kassa: Landerer Mihály, 1779-1780. - Kisded szótár, melly a ritkább magyar szókat az A.B.C. rendi szerént emlékeztető versekben előadja. Kassa: Landerer Mihály, 1784. 104p. - Vers-koszorú, mellyet az új mértékre vett, s üdövel megegyengetett, és későbben készültt verseiből kötött Baróti Szabó Dávid. 1-3. szakasz. [Vol. I, a revised and enl. ed.] Kassa: Füskúti Landerer Mihály, 1786. - Ki nyertes az hang-mérséklésbenn? Az erdélyiek nyelvek járása szerént. [Prozódiai vitairat] Kassa: Füskúti Landerer Mihály, 1787. 100p. - Költeményes munkáji. Utolsó kiadás. [Contains his translation of Milton's Paradise lost]I-II. kötet. Kassa: Ellinger János, 1789. - Méltóságos báró generalis Orczy Lőrinc úrnak halálára. A bús hazához. Pest, 1789. [From Szinnyei, I, 608] - Örvendező vers. t.n. Szabolcs vármegye örömünnepére. Kassa, 1791. [From Szinnyei, I, 609] - Szabad kir. Kassa városhoz, midőn királyi főherczeg József Magyarország nádorispánja a Tiszán innen felkelt nemes vitézeket megtekintvén, abba legelőször beszállana. Kassa, 1797. [From Szinnyei, I, 609] - Ortographia- és grammaticabéli észrevételek a magyar prosodiával együtt. Komárom: Weinmüller, 1800. 131p. - Megjobbított, s bővített költeményes munkáji. I-III. kötet. Komárom: Weinmüller Klára, 1802. - A magyarság virági. [Nyelvtudomány: stílus-szólás példák gyűjteménye] Komárom: Özvegy Weinmüllerné, 1803. 493p. - Virgilius Énéisse. Fordította Baróti Szabó Dávid. I-II.kötet. Bécs és Pest: Doll Antal és Trattner, 1810-1813. - See also p. 82.

EDITIONS

See also no. 482.

481. Deákos költők. Rájnis, Baróti Szabó, Révai versei. Kiadja Császár Elemér. I. kötet. [Only vol. published] Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1914. 351p. [B] MnU NNC AsWN GeLBM

BIOGRAPHY

See also no. 499.

482. Horváth Balázs. Baróti Szabó Dávid és néhány kiadatlan költeménye. Kassa: Ries Lajos, 1888. 136p.

Some attention to the content of his works and critical comments on them. Closes with 42 pages of previously unpublished poems. Bibliographical footnotes.

CRITICISM

483. Arany János. "Szabó Dávid," Összes prózai művei és műfordításai. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1938; 2211p. Pp: 491-500. [Appeared in Koszorú II (June 12, 1864), 553-557]

The changes in his diction and metrics in relation to their origins and to the other schools of his times. NNC

484. Oláh Béla. "Baróti Szabó Dávid. Tudori értekezés," Figyelő, XV (1883), 67-78, 92-114. [Also a reprint]

A brief biographical account and a discussion of his writings and relations with other authors of his day. Attention to contents of specific works. Closes with an evaluation of his writings and philological efforts. Biblio graphical footnotes. MnU GeLBM GyBH

485. Császár Elemér. "A deákos iskola," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XIV (1904), 16-44, 147-163.

The poets of the Classical School: József Rájnis, Dávid Baróti Szabó, Miklós Révai. The emergence and character of the group, the influence of classical Latin literature on their poetry, the influence of 18th-century Latin literature on their writings (especially that of the Jesuits), the connection of cultural and political matters and national ideas with their poetry, occasion poems as the style of the age, and the characteristics and significance of their poetry. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH

486. Klemm Antal. Baróti Szabó nyelve nyelvújítási szempontból. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1908. 70p.

His language as showing his efforts in language reform. Observations and evidence under four major headings: phonetics, semantics, morphology, and syntax. GyBH

487. Császár Elemér. "Baróti Szabó Dávid versei," Deákos költők. 1. kötet. [Only vol. published] Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1914; 351p. Pp. 63-196.

A selection of his shorter poems preceded by a survey of his life and a discussion of his literary career and of the characteristics and merits of his poetry, especially his lyrics. MnU NNC AsWN GeLBM

488. Rónay György. "Baróti Szabó Dávid," Irodalomtörténet, XLII, (1955), 304-326.

His poetic style: its characteristics and innovations, its development. His views of Rájnis and Révai, and his life and poetic activity in the 1790's. [CU] DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH

BATSÁNYI JÁNOS

Born May 9, 1763 in Talpoca; died May 12, 1845 in Linz, Austria. Poet. Descendant of middle-class family. Attended schools in Keszthely, Veszprém, and Sopron. Studied law at University of Pest, where he supported himself by tutoring the son of Lőrinc Orczy (q.v.). In 1785 he obtained position as junior clerk to director of treasury in Kassa, where he met Ferenc Kazinczy and Dávid Baróti Szabó (qq.v.), with whom he founded Magyar Museum in 1787. Lost his position and was supported by Miklós Forgách, lord-lieutenant of Nyitra. Showed strong sympathy for French Revolution; was removed from his post and editorship because of his revolutionary poem, "A franciaországi változásokra." Was arrested in 1794 for alleged participation in Jacobin movement of Ignác Martinovics. In 1797, after release from imprisonment in Buda and Kufstein, settled in Vienna as bank employee. Married Gabriella Baumberg. Moved to Paris, where he received an annual pension from Napoleon, whom he had assisted during the French occupation of Vienna in 1809. Captured after fall of Napoleon in 1815 and imprisoned in Dijon, France, Brün, Bohemia, and then Spielberg, Germany. Released in 1816 after constant intercession by his wife. From 1817 lived in Linz under surveillance, supported by a generous pension from the French government. Continued literary activity away from Hungary. ¶ Considered to be among the most distinguished poets of the Literary Revival. Showed combinations of determined political views and outstanding literary ability, and gave best expression to Hungarian nationalist feelings of period. While abroad, also wrote political work in German and a literary history of Hungary in French. Translated Ossian from the German; most of it lost [surviving fragments in Magyar Museum, I (1787), 38-50, 197-200; Erdélyi Múzeum, V (1916), 93-99]. ¶ Some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, French, German, Italian, Polish, and Russian.

FIRST EDITIONS: A magyaroknak vitézsége régiek példáival megvilágosítva. [Fordítás] Pest, 1785. [From Pintér, IV, 673] - Két magyar hazafi érzékenységei, tekintetes nemes Abauj vármegye öröm-ünnepén. [Orczy László bárót üdvözlik Bacsányi és Baróti Szabó Dávid] Sine loco, 1790. [From Szinnyei, I, 322] - Ode ad inclytos SS. et 00. regni Hungariae. [Költemény] Viennae, 1796. [From Szinnyei, I, 322] - A magyar tudósoknak. [Tanulmányok] Pest: Trattner János Tamás, 1821. 75p. - Versei. I.kötet. [Only volume published] Pest: Petrózai Trattner Mátyás, 1827. 129p. - Poétai munkáji. Buda: Királyi Universitás Betűivel, 1835. 218p. [2d, enl. ed.]

EDITIONS

See also nos. 493, 495, 496, 497, and 498. Editorial work: p. 27. Annotated work: no. 967.

489. Költeményei, válogatott prózai írásaival egyetemben. Kiadta Toldy Ferenc. Pest: Heckenast Gusztáv, 1865. 268p. [B] GeLBM

490. Összes művei. Sajtó alá rendezte és jegyzetekkel ellátta Keresztury Dezső és Tarnai Andor. Eddig I-III. kötet. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1953+. [A]

1. kötet: Versek. Magyar- és idegennyelvű versek, Ossian fordítások. 1953. 591p.

2. kötet: Prózai művek. Magyar- és idegennyelvű iratok, kb. 1798-ig. 1. kötet. 1960. 653p.

3. kötet: Prózai művek. Befejezett művek, töredékek. Jegyzetek és pótlások. 2. kötet. 1961. 779p.

[MH] [MnU] NNC AsWN GeCU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH

491. Válogatott művei. Bevezette Keresztury Dezső, sajtó alá rendezte Keresztury Dezső és Tarnai Andor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1956. 359p. [B] DLC NN FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

492. "Hazámnak akartam szolgálni." A felségsértéssel és hazaárulással vádolt költő a maga ügyében. Sajtó alá rendezte, bevezette és magyarázta Keresztury Dezső, németből Keresztury Dezső, és latinból Kövendi Dénes fordította. Budapest: Magvető, 1960. 156p. [B] DLC NNC AsWN GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See nos. 495, 496, 498, and 504.

BIOGRAPHY

493. Szinnyei Ferenc. Bacsányi János. Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat, 1904. 210p.

His life and works, stressing his role in striving for the strengthening of the Hungarian language and the creation of a true Hungarian literature. Appendixes: (1) Previously unpublished poems, (2) Aesthetic work, "Értékezések" (1817), written in Linz at the age of 74, and (3) Facsimiles of various texts. Illustrations. MH MnU NN AsWN GeCU GeLBM GeLU GyBH GyGGaU GyGNSU

494. Horánszky Lajos. Batsányi János és kora. Budapest: Hornyánszky Viktor, 1907. 535p.

After providing a historical and cultural background for the preceding hundred years, turns to a discussion of his life and works in relation to the political, social, and literary activities of the times. Much explication of background. Concludes with an account of his criticisms and revisions of Sándor Kisfaludy's Himfy. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN GeLBM GyBH

495. Vajda Ilona. Batsányi János és Baumberg Gabriella. 1. 1799-1809. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda Könyvesboltja, 1938. 124p.

His relations with Gabriella Baumberg from their first meeting to her joining her husband in Paris, 1799-1809. Much evidence from their letters. Bibliography, pp. 122-124. MnU GeLBM GyBH

496. Zadányi Éva. Batsányi János és Johannes von Müller. Budapest: Danubia, 1941. 96p.

The relations between Batsányi and the Swiss historian based on their letters to each other written from January, 1797, to April, 1808. Letters throw light on their views of learning and politics, questions of love and existentialism, publishers, paintings, political pamphlets, critics, friends, and enemies, especially on Batsányi's. Bibliography, pp. 95-96. MH MnU AsWN AsWU GeLBM GeOB

497. Sz. Nemes Éva Margit. Batsányi Párizsban. Találkozás Gabriellával. 1810-1811. Budapest: Danubia, 1942. 57p.

His activities in Paris, 1810-1811, and his meeting with Gabriella Baumberg based on their correspondence. Bibliographical footnotes. MnU NNC

498. Pál Margit. Batsányi Párizsban. 1810. Budapest: Danubia, 1943. 63p.

Details about his activities in Paris in 1810, including his relationship with Gabriella Baumberg. Much evidence from letters. Bibliography, p. [66]. MH AsWN GeLBM GeOB GyBH

499. Keresztury Dezső és Tarnai Andor. "Batsányi és Baróti Szabó," Irodalomtörténet, XL (1952), 69-93.

His role as an organizer in editorial and literary activities, his relations with Baróti Szabó, the work with Kassai Magyar Társaság and the periodical Magyar Museum, and a comparison of their literary principles. CU DLC [MH] MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBH [GyGNSU]

CRITICISM

See also no. 969.

500. Császár Elemér. "Batsányi János," Budapesti Szemle, CLV, no. 440 (1913), 192-215.

The major events of his life and character as affecting the tragic course of his failure to fulfill the great promises of his early creative life, and his work as an aesthetician, editor, translator, and poet. CtY DLC NN [NNC] AsWN GeLBM GyBH

501. Halász Gábor. "Bacsányi," Nyugat, XXVIII (February, 1935), 108-112.

After accounting for Batsányi's troubles mainly as stemming from his own personality, develops the view that only his year's imprisonment in Kufstein and the suffering he knew there brought out momentarily the greatness of his poetic creativity. MnU NN NNC FiHU GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH

502. Keresztury Dezső. "Bevezetés," Batsányi János válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte Keresztury Dezső és Tarnai Andor. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1956; 359p. Pp. 7-72.

The development of his literary career through an examination of the interaction between his individuality and environment, his purposes and abilities, and his plans and works as a means of dissolving apparent inconsistencies and of showing, in general outlines, the deeper connections of his fragmented lifework. DLC NN FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU

503. Kókay György. "Batsányi és a magyar újságírás kezdetei," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, LXVI (1962), 705-719. [Also a reprint]

His recognition of the definite connection between writing and contributions to newspapers as a means of developing the Hungarian language and literature, and his writing activities as showing his expression of the concept. Bibliographical footnotes. Summary in French, p. 719. DLC MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBH

504. Némedi Lajos. "Forradalom és kultúra. (Batsányi János 1793-95-ben)," Az Egri Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei, IX (1963), 139-166. [Also a reprint]

His ideas of revolution in his "Mentőírás" and "Apologia," especially their interpretation of the French Revolution, and his concept of the connection between culture and politics, from 1793 to 1795. Bibliographical notes, pp. 163-166. GeLBM GyBDS

BERZSENYI DÁNIEL

Born May 7, 1776 in Egyházashetye; died February 24, 1836 in Nikla. Poet. Descendant of aristocratic family. Father taught him classics. Entered Sopron Lyceum about 1790, where, though unhappy, he acquired the basis of his knowledge, especially in Latin and German poetry. Left Lyceum in 1795, became soldier for month in Keszthely, then went to relative in Nikla, where he spent four months learning agriculture, and returned home to practice farming. Married Zsuzsanna Dukai Takács in 1799, moved to Sömjén, and returned to Nikla 1804-1805. Dedicated himself to literary activity prior to 1803. Discovered by Ferenc Kazinczy (q.v.), who started him on preparation of an edition of his poems. Aroused much opposition with his virulent attack on Ferenc Kölcsey (q.v.), whose unfriendly review of the 1816 edition of his poems had appeared in 1817 in Tudományos Gyűjtemény; his reply, "Antirecensió Kölcsey recensiójára," was rejected by editors of the periodical. Resided in Sopron from 1819 to 1820. Wrote few poems in second stage of career, mostly aesthetic works seeking to provide a basis for his negative evaluation of Kölcsey's writings. Became a regular member of Academy in 1830. Plan to settle in Pest failed. Near end of his life he returned to study of agriculture. ¶ Outstanding lyric poet with strong current of romanticism in poems. Followed classical verse forms, especially those of Horace, but used them to give expression to thoughts and emotions originating in "ecstasy," "inspiration," and word association rather than by plan or decision on part of poet. Master in use of Greek and Latin verse forms, assimilating them with Hungarian poetry far beyond the point reached by members of the Classical School. Odes especially praised for perfection of form and gravity of statement. Major theme: the transitoriness of all things; first Hungarian writer to see permanence in dynamism of change. Predecessor of romantic poets, especially Vörösmarty (q.v.). ¶ An edition of his poems is available in Latin, and some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, English, French, German, Japanese, Rumanian, Russian, and Swedish.

FIRST EDITIONS: Versei. Kiadta Helmeczi Mihály. Pest: Trattner, 1813. 174p. - Versei. Kiadta egy kalauz értékezéssel megtoldva barátja Helmeczi Mihály. [Második, bővített kiadás] Pest: Trattner János, 1816. 203p. - Összes művei. Költelem s folyóbeszéd. Közre bocsátá meghagyása szerint Döbrentei Gábor. 3. kiadás kéziratban maradott még nem ismertekkel. I-III. kötet. Buda: Magyar Királyi Egyetemi Sajtóval, 1842. [C] - See also no. 512.

EDITIONS

See also nos. 527, 530, and 1755.

505. Versei. A megrongált szöveget az eredeti kéziratok és kiadásokhoz egyengetve, kiadatlanokkal és életrajzzal bővítve, a költő örökösei megbfzásából kiadta Toldy Ferenc. Pest: Heckenast Gusztáv, 1860. 363p. [B] AsWN AsWU GeLBM

506. Munkái. Újra átnézett kiadás a költő örökösei megbízásából Toldy Ferenc által. I-II. kötet. Pest: Heckenast Gusztáv, 1864. [B]

1. kötet: Költemények. 192p.

2. kötet: Prózai munkák. 239p.

NNC GeLBM

507. Versei. A költő életrajzával Toldy Ferenctől. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 19017. 268p. [B] AsWU GyBH

508. Munkái. Sajtó alá rendezte Bánóczi József, bevezette Váczy János. Budapest: Lampel Róbert, 1902. 344p. [C] DLC NNC OCl GeLBM

509. Munkái. Költemények. Poétai harmonistika. Kapi Béla bevezetésével. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1928. 205p. [C] MH NNC

510. A magyarországi mezei szorgalom némely akadályairul. [Tanulmány] Tanítványaival sajtó alá rendezte Merényi Oszkár. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1933. 58p. [B] GeLBM

511. Költői művei. Bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátta és kiadta Merényi Oszkár. [Bibliographical notes, pp. 307-428] Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1936. 438p. [A] MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeCU GeLBM GyGGaU GyGNSU

512. Ismeretlen és kiadatlan levelei. Kiadta, bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátta Merényi Oszkár. [Bibliographical notes, pp. 96-115] Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 19381. 121p. [A] NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyGNSU

513. Versei. Az 1808. évi ősszöveg. Kiadta, bevezette és jegyzetekkel ellátta Merényi Oszkár. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Irodalomtörténeti Bizottság, 1938. 91p. [A] AsWN AsWU GeLBM GyGNSU

514. Prózai munkái. Kiadta, bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátta Merényi Oszkár. Kaposvár: Dunántúl Pécsi Egyetemi Könyvkiadó és Nyomda, 1941. 340p. [A] MH NNC AsWN AsWU GeCU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

515. Levelei Kazinczy Ferenchez. Kiadta, bevezette és jegyzetekkel ellátta Merényi Oszkár. Debrecen: n.p., 1942. 91p. [A]

516. Összes művei. Merényi Oszkár gondozásában. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1956. 925p. [B] CtY DLC MnU NNC OCl GyBDS GyGNSU

517. Válogatott művei. Bevezette Mezei Márta, sajtó alá rendezte és a jegyzeteket írta Mayer Erika. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1961. 536p. [C] NNC AsWN GyBDS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See nos. 511, 512, 519, 527, and 530.

BIOGRAPHY

518. Váczy János. Berzsenyi Dániel életrajza. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1895. 432p.

Considerable attention to his poetic and critical works. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeCU GeLBM GyBH

519. Vargha Balázs. Berzsenyi Dániel. Budapest: Gondolat, 1959. 289p.

A biography beginning with his school days that delineates his world outlook, his literary development and the connection between his poetry and the politics of his times, and attempts to solve the contradictions of influences and purposes apparent in him. Bibliography, pp. 271-273; bibliographical notes, pp. 275-[290]. DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWN FiHI GeCU GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

CRITICISM

See also nos. 1062, 1900, 1908, 2111, and 3197.

520. Kalencsik Lajos. Berzsenyi és Horáczius metaforáiról. Budapest: Merkur, 1897. 34p.

Purpose: to compare their metaphors and uncover the degree to which Berzsenyi's imagination followed Horace's metaphors. Finds influence but freedom of his imagination. GyBH

521. Szabó Dezső. "Berzsenyi Dániel," Nyugat, V (January 16, 1912), 113-119.

Characterizations of his poetic creativity, poetry, and poetic language. MnU NN NNC FiHU GeLBM GyBH

522. Cselőtei Lajos. Berzsenyi és Horáczius metaforáiról. Budapest: Stephaneum, 1920. 39p.

A comparison of Berzsenyi's and Horace's metaphors for the purpose of determining the extent to which his imagination followed Horace's. Decides that the similarities add support to the view that Horace influenced him but that the direct borrowing is very rare and that his imagination is highly individualistic.

523. Füst Milán. "Berzsenyi Dániel (1775-1836)," Emlékezések és tanulmányok. Budapest: Magvető, 1956; 539p. Pp. 277-294. [Appeared in Nyugat, XIII (November, 1920), 1020-1027]

His personality and viewpoints, and the individuality of his poetic voice as distinguished from those who influenced his development (Matthisson and Horace, especially the former). DLC MnU NNC

524. Horváth János. "Egy fejezet a magyar irodalmi ízlés történetéből, Berzsenyi Dániel," Tanulmányok. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1956; 638p. Pp. 143-153. [Appeared in A Kisfaludy-Társaság Évlapjai, LVI (1924)]

His directing the classicism of the age of Kazinczy toward the romanticism of Ferenc Kölcsey and Mihály Vörösmarty. DLC MH MnU NNC GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH GyGGaU GyGNSU

525. Halász Gábor. "Berzsenyi lelki-világa," Symposion, II (1926), 77-107.

The influence of the idea of reason and morality from the Enlightenment on his poetry; the character of his individuality; his attachment to Horace; and the nature of his beliefs, Hungarian quality, and world outlook.

526. Szerb Antal. Az ihletett költő. Szeged: Szeged Városi Nyomda, 1929. 23p. [Also in Gondolatok a könyvtárban, no. 3516]

Develops the thesis that "in the classicism of the classical Berzsenyi is to be found the romanticism of the romantic Berzsenyi." In two parts: (1) Berzsenyi and pre-romanticism and (2) his source of inspiration, the latter being characterized as "a wonderful interweaving of the conscious and the unconscious, the willed and the involuntary, the personal and the historical powers." GyBH

527. Merényi Oszkár. Berzsenyi tanulmányok. Budapest: Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1936. 256p.

Concerned with the development of his poetic career, his poetic individuality and outlook, the characteristics of his poetry, the course of his reputation, and a history of the editions of his writings. Closes with notes to his poetical works: (1) the manuscript of a poem, its first publication and a notation as to which text is followed in the new edition, (2) variants between the manuscript and the text in the edition, (3) its sources, (4) comment on the text and its subject, origin, development, publication, first reception and representative critical views of its qualities, and (5) an occasional comment from a noted critic. MnU

528. Waldapfel József. "Berzsenyi megítélésének történetéhez," Irodalmi tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1957; 555p. Pp. 234-240. [Part of the original article in Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XLVI (1936), 348-352]

An account of the criticisms of his 1816 volume of poetry involving Benedek Virág, Pál Szemere, and Ferenc Kölcsey as illuminated particularly by a previously unknown 1817 "Notice" to the members of the periodical Tudományos Gyűjtemény on the question. DLC MH NN NNC AsWN GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

529. Németh László. Berzsenyi. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1937. 144p.

A study dealing with his writings - their subject and literary character and the infiuences on them - and his relationships with various writers of the period. MnU GeLBM GeLU

530. Merényi Oszkár. Berzsenyi Dániel. Kaposvár: Új-Somogy Nyomda, 1938. 240p.

A brief account of his life followed by (1) an analysis of his poetical works with respect to their order of composition, the general stimuli of his poetic creativity, their subject matter, language and form, and the nature of his dramas, (2) the character of his prose writings, and (3) the development of his reputation. Appendix: Texts of eight of his fragments. Bibliographical notes to the biographical section, p. 236. MnU AsWN GeLBM

531. Kerényi Károly. Az ismeretlen Berzsenyi. Budapest, Debrecen és Pécs: Ady-Társaság, 1940. 36p.

His development as a poet, the influence of Horace and Gessner on his writings, and the role of Hellenic culture and the Greek ideal of beauty in his poetry. GeLBM

532. Horváth János. Berzsenyi Dániel és íróbarátai. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1960. 293p.

A study of his prose and poetry (mainly) and of his relations with Kazinczy and with his literary friends (János Kis, József Péteri [Téti] Takáts, Judit Dukai Takách, and József Elek Horváth). His poetic style, the influence of Horace on his poems, and the genesis of his poems; his view of life in his prose works, his writings on aesthetics, and his literary criticism. DLC MH MnU NNC GeCU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

533. Keresztury Dezső. "Berzsenyi Dániel," Irodalomtörténet, XLIX (1961), 225-235. [Also a reprint]

The nature of his response to the societal and literary circumstances of his age; the major outlines of his poetical development in the direction of merging antique classicism with Hungarian materials. CU DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH

534. Mezei Márta. "Bevezetés," Berzsenyi Dániel válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte és a jegyzeteket írta Mayer Erika. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1961; 536p. Pp. 7-80.

An analysis of his creative period from 1809 to 1815, with attention to earlier and later periods, as to its relationship with the world outlooks and social movements of the Age of Enlightenment. NNC AsWN GyBDS

535. Merényi Oszkár. "Berzsenyi-problémák," Irodalomtörténet, L (1962), 245-268.

In two parts: (1) the individual characteristics of his poetry and (2) the forces affecting his poetic development during his youth. Bibliographical footnotes. CU DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWN GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH

536. Merényi Oszkár. Berzsenyi Dániel. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1966. 471p.

Purpose: to portray the history of his development by searching for the determining factors of his life and art in connection with his times. Detailed analysis of his writings leads to some new information about his life and psychological matters. Points up his place between classicism and romanticism in Hungarian literature. Summary of the results of previous research. Bibliographical footnotes. NNC GeLBM GyGNSU

BESSENYEI GYÖRGY

Born 1747? in Bercel; died February 24, 1811 in Pusztakovácsi. Prose writer, dramatist, poet, translator. Descendant of landowning family of middle aristocracy. Seventh of eight sons. Attended Sárospataki Református Kollégium for five years but was withdrawn for lack of funds. In 1765 joined Maria Theresa's Royal Hungarian Guards in Vienna, to which two of his brothers belonged. Taught himself Latin, German, and French, obtained a wide knowledge of English rationalism and the French Enlightenment (Pope, Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Holbach especially), and became acquainted with the German culture in Vienna. Became familiar with older Hungarian writers through the Royal Library: Péter Bornemisza, Gáspár Heltai, Sebestyén Tinódi, Miklós Zrínyi, and István Gyöngyösi (qq.v.). Gained the friendship of Maria Theresa through Ádám Kollár, director of the Royal Library, and Countess Frigyes Grass, a lady-in-waiting. First works published in 1772. Resigned from Royal Guards near end of 1773 with pension and became representative of Hungarian Protestant churches to 1778. Dissatisfaction with his performance developed among church officials. Became Catholic in 1779. Named honorary librarian of Royal Library. Cancellation of his pension by Joseph II in 1782 worsened his economic situation, and he left for home, going to Bercel and then to Feketetó, where he undertook the management of his estates. In 1787 settled in Pusztakovácsi (today Bakonszeg) and farmed until the end of his life. After 1790 participated in county affairs occasionally, and continued to write. Spent last years in difficult economic circumstances, withdrawn and forgotten. ¶ Period of Literary Revival dated from the publication of his Ágis tragédiája in 1772. Greatly influenced by spirit and ideas of writers of French Enlightenment, especially by Voltaire. Did not master literary forms of poetry, drama, and philosophical expression, but all his writings show his intelligence and spirit at work, often in ironical and humorous vein, and they served to bring new concepts to Hungary. He described natural scenes effectively and often expressed the melancholy associated with pre-romanticism. His best literary style is found in his reports, writings on cultural and educational programs, and shorter studies. He urged the use of the Hungarian language instead of Latin and German in schools and called for reform of the language. Devised a plan for the establishment of a Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1781: Egy magyar társaság iránt való jámbor szándék (1790), his last work published in his lifetime. Translated English (in other languages), French, and German works. During his life only his works on educational and cultural programs and A filozófus (in the character of Pontyi) had important historical influence. The full importance of his lifework to the history of Hungarian culture and literature became clearer in the 1930's on the basis of new research.

FIRST EDITIONS: Ágis tragédiája. [Dráma] Agiaris keserve. [Epilogus] Bécs: Kaliwoda Leopóld, 1772. 158p. - Az embernek próbája. [Filozófiai költemény, Alexander Pope Essay on man átdolgozása] Bécs: Kaliwoda Leopóld, 1772. 187p. - Az eszter-házi vigaságok. Delfén. [Elbeszélő költemények] Bécs : n.p., 1772. 25p. - Hunyadi László tragédiája. Három játékban és versekben. [Dráma] Bécs: Kaliwoda Leopóld, 1772. 104p. - Buda tragédiája. Öt játékban. [Dráma] Pozsony: Landerer Mihály, 1773. 152p. - A Szent Apostol Tamás mint ellene állhatatlan bizonysága a Jesus Kristus istenségének . . . [Vallásos fordítás] Pozsony: Landerer Mihály, 1773. 70p. - Die Amerikaner. [Elbeszélés] Bécs, 1774. [From Pintér, IV, 397] - Lucanus első könyve. [Fordítás] Pozsony, 1776. [From Pintér, IV, 397] - Anyai oktatás. [Erkölcsi levelek egy anyának leányához] Bécs: n.p., 1777. 83p. - Bessenyei György társasága. [A testőrírók verseinek gyűjteménye] Bécs, 1777. [From Pintér, IV, 384] - Futó darabok. [Költemények] Bécs, 1777. [From Pintér, IV, 384] - Die Geschäfte der Einsamkeit. [Bölcseleti tartalommal] Bécs, 1777. [From Pintér, IV, 398] - A magyar néző. [Tanulmányok] Bécs, 1777. 62p. [From catalogue of National Széchényi Library] - A mi urunk Jesus Kristusnak haláláról való gondolatok. [Vallásos fordítás] Pozsony: Landerer Mihály, 1777. 48p. - A philosophus. Vígjáték. Pest, 1777. [From Pintér, IV, 374] - Hunyadi János élete és viselt dolgai. [Tanulmány] Bécs: Nemes Trattner Tamás, 1778. 72p. - Magyarság. [A magyar nyelv védelme] Bécs: n.p., 1778. 14p. - Galant levelek. [Levélregény] Bécs, 1779. [From Pintér, IV, 399] - A hármas vitézek vagy triumvirátus. Szomorújáték 5 felvonásban. Bécs, 1779. [From Pintér, IV, 366] - A holmi. [Bölcseleti, irodalmi és költői tartalommal] Bécs: n.p., 1779. 378p. - Attila [1st] és Buda tragédiája [2d].[Drámák] Pozsony és Kassa: Landerer Mihály, 1787. 152p. - Egy magyar társaság iránt való jámbor szándék. [Tanulmány] Bécs: Révai Miklós, 1790. 46p. - See also nos. 538, 540, 541, 546, 548, 554, and 555.

EDITIONS

537. A philosophus. Kiadta Gyulai Pál. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1881. 118p. [C] GeLBM

538. A bihari remete, vagy a világ így megyen. Holmi [only its basic structural plan, published for 1st time]. Kiadta Széll Farkas. Debrecen: Városi Könyvnyomda; 18941. 168p. NNC GyBH

539. Ágis tragédiája. Bécs 1772. [Dráma; Agiaris keserve]Kiadta Lázár Béla. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1898. 130p. [A] MnU FiHI GeLBM

540. A természet világa. Sajtó alá rendezte Bokor János. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 18981. 408p. [B] AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBH

541. Lais, vagy az erkölcsi makacs. Kiadta Lázár Béla. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 18991. 100p. [B] NNC AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBH

542. Az embernek próbája. Kiadta Harsányi István. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1912. 196p. [B] AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM

543. Az amerikai Podocz és Kazimir keresztén vallásra való megtérése. [Kazinczy Ferenc fordítása] Bessenyei német eredetijével együtt kiadta és bevezetéssel ellátta Weber Arthur. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1914. 58p. [B] NN NNC GeLBM

544. Hunyadi. [Tragédia] Budapest: Berzsenyi Dániel Reálgimnázium VII. Osztálya, 1929. 63p. [B] MnU NNC GyBH GyGGaU

545. Tarimenes utazása. Szatirikus állambölcseleti regény. Szerkesztette a Berzsenyi Gimnázium. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1930. 438p. [C], ICU MnU NN NNC GeCU GeLBM GeLU GyBH GyGNSU

546. Kisebb költeményei. Eredeti XVIII. századi nyomtatványok alapján. Nyíregyháza: Nyíregyházi Evangelikus Kossuth-Reálgimnázium, 19311. 96p. [B] ICU FiHI GyBH

547. Egy magyar társaság iránt való jámbor szándék. Kiadta Révai Miklós. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 19312. 44p. [B] ICU AsWN GeLBM GyBH

548. A törvénynek útja. Tudós társaság. Szerkeszti Vajthó László. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 19311. 84p. [C] ICU MnU NNC GeLBM GyBH

549. Anyai oktatás. Tanítványaival sajtó alá rendezte Sebestyén Erzsébet. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1932. 80p. [B] MnU NNC GeLBM GyBH

550. Magyarság. Magyar Néző. Kiadta Vajthó László. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1932. 72p. [B] AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBH

551. Hunyadi László tragédiája. Három játékban és versekben. A bevezetést írta Belohorszky Ferenc. Nyíregyháza: n.p.; 1935. 34p. [C] NN

552. Eszterházi vigasságok. Delfén. Magyarország törvényes állása. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1941. 148p. [B] AsWN

553. Galant levelek. Kiadta a Szolnoki Községi Kereskedelmi Középiskola ifjúsága. Tanítványaival sajtó alá rendezte Kisfaludi Sándor. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1941. 48p. [B] GeLBM

554. A magyar nemzetnek szokásairól, erkölcseiről, uralkodásának módjáról, törvényeiről és nevezetesebb dolgairól. 1. könyv. Első száz. Egész Európa formája a XI-ik században. Sajtó alá rendezte Vajda László. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 19421. 133p. [B] GeLU

555. A társaságnak eredete és országlása. [Tanulmány] Kiadta a Szatmárnémeti Református Gimnázium, tanítványával sajtó alá rendezte Nagy Béla. Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 19421. 155p. [C] GeLBM

556. Válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte és bevezette Szauder József. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1953. 465p. [C] DLC MnU NN GeCU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

557. A világ így megyen. [Válogatott írások] Összeállította, bevezető tanulmánnyal és jegyzetekkel ellátta Tordai Zádor. Bukarest: Állami Irodalmi és Művészeti Kiadó, 1953. 237p. [C]

558. Válogatott írásai. Válogatta és az utószót írta Vajthó László. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1961. 261p. [C] NNC GeLU GyBDS GyGGaU GyGNSU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

See also nos. 562, 565, 566, 567, 572, 576, 578, 579, and 581.

559. A Bessenyei-irodalom. (Összeállította Belohorszky Ferenc. Nyíregyháza: Bessenyei-Társaság, 1941. 31p

In three parts: (1) his works, (2) his letters, and (3) studies of his works, the latter divided into those dealing with his writings generally and those examining individual works. Appendixes: (1) Studies dealing with his period and (2) The literature of the Bessenyei cult. Data: for monographs, author, title, place and date of publication; for articles, author, title, name of periodical, date and inclusive page numbers.

BIOGRAPHY

560. Császár Elemér. Bessenyei akadémiai törekvései. Székfoglaló értekezés. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1910. 78p.

Inquires into the causes that brought to a head his plans for an academy in 1781 and the continuous phases of this development. Bibliographical footnotes, NNC AsWU GeCU GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU

561. Waldapfel József. "Adatok Bessenyei életéhez és munkásságához," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XL (1930), 86-93.

New information about the problems of the Bessenyei family concerning the litigation over the estate, and about the censor's view of his "Podrokotz krónikája," a lost satirical novel, and "A kedvetlen okos," a lost comedy. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH MnU NNC [OCl] AsWN AsWU GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH GyGNSU

562. Csóka J. Lajos. "Bessenyei György és a bécsi udvar," Pannonhalmi Szemle, XI (1936), 126-137. [Also a reprint]

His indebtedness to Baroness Teréz Grass and Ádám Kollár for the awakening of his intellectual and creative efforts. Bibliography, p. 14. KyBgW NN FiHU GyBH

563. Halász Gábor. "A bihari remete," Nyugat, XXIX (June, 1936), 413-427.

His early tendencies toward isolation from friends and society: their probable causes and their effect on his works and his connection with the problems of his age. MnU NN NNC [FiHI] FiHU GeLBM [GeLU] GYBH

564. Vajthó László. Bessenyei. (1747-1947) Budapest: Dante, 1947. 119p.

Much attention to his personality and character, to the factors affecting his life and works, and to his literary development and the thought and characteristics of his writings. Mainly from 1767. Bibliographical footnotes. CoU InU MH MiD MnU NNC GeLBM

565. Gálos Rezső. Bessenyei György életrajza. Budapest: Közoktatásügyi Kiadóvállalat, 1951. 425p.

Claims to be the first biography of Bessenyei in 80 years that summarizes all the research done on the subject. Chronological table of his life and works. Bibliographical notes, pp. 381-412. DLC MnU NNC FiHI GeCU GyBDS GyGNSU

566. Szauder József. Bessenyei. Budapest: Művelt Nép, 1953. 155p.

Mainly his years in Vienna (1765-1782) and the period after his return to Hungary (1782-1811). Stress on the development of his views and writings. Chronology of his life. Bibliography, p. 153. DLC MH MnU NNC FiHI GeLBM GyBH

CRITICISM

See also no. 2832.

567. Závodszky (Széchy) Károly. Bessenyei György. Irodalmi tanulmány. Pest: Athenaeum, 1872. 200p.

A biographical discussion followed by an examination of his literary works, activities, and development. Bibliography of his writings by genres, pp. 194-200. MnU NNC GyBH

568. Lázár Béla. "Ágis a világirodalomban," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XIV (1890), 92-106.

After accounting for the 18th-century's attraction to Plutarch's Agis and discussing Gottsched's handling of the theme and its significance, characterizes Bessenyei's Ágis and concludes that its importance lies in his having brought historical interest to the subject. CU IU MH MnU NNC OClW OCU AsWN FiHU GyBH

569. Császár Elemér. Bessenyei György természetérzéke. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1911. 77p.

Summarizes the development of views toward nature in European and in Hungarian literature, especially those of Ferenc Faludi, then examines Bessenyei's poetry to determine the manner in which it mirrors nature. Concludes that though he falls short of expectations, he uses the materials of nature with affection and observes its characteristics accurately.

570. Eckhardt Sándor. "Bessenyei és a franczia gondolat," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XLIII (1919), 192-220; XLIV (1920), 42-53; XLV (1921), 19-34.

The sources of his thought in French learning and their influence on him: geography, history, religion, metaphysics, moral philosophy, social history, and politics. Also English learning through French translations. Among thinkers: Voltaire, Millot, Vaissette, Robinet, Rousseau, Locke, Hobbes. Bibliographical footnotes. [CU] IU MnU OClW OCU FiHU GyBH

571. Belohorszky Ferenc: Bessenyei és A philosophus. Budapest: Dunántúl, 1929. 42p.

Several questions dealing with the comedy: its originality in relation to sources (Destouches's L'homme singulier and La fausse Agnès), the philosopher as a type in French and German comedy and in the 18th century and Bessenyei's philosopher, A philosophus and his Galant levelek, and Bessenyei as man and writer and the origin of A philosophus. Bibliographical footnotes. NNC

572. Fischer Júlia. A nevelés gondolata Bessenyei munkáiban. [Bölcsészetdoktori értekezés] Szeged: Árpád, 1934. 96p.

A study of his views of educating and nurturing the youth of Hungary based on an examination of his writings. Summary of the scholarship on the subject in the introduction. Bibliography of his works and studies about him, pp. 86-91. Table of contents and summary in German, pp. 92-96.

573. Merényi Oszkár. "Bessenyei György," Irodalom és nemzeti közösség. Adalékok és tanulmányok. II. rész. Nyíregyháza: Garab József, 1943; 135p. Pp. 1-67. [1st publication]

In five parts: (1) the development of his intellectual and spiritual life in response to his life and times, (2) his ideals of man, (3) his utopia, based on an examination of Tarimenes utazása, (4) his search for God, and (5) the origin of his desire to advance Hungarian culture. MnU AsWN GeLBM GyBH

574. Szauder József. "Bevezetés," Bessenyei György válogatott művei. Sajtó alá rendezte Szauder József. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1953; 465p. Pp. 7-58.

His three periods of creativity with respect to the circumstances attending them and their characteristics and merits: 1769-1772, 1777-1781, 1782-1811. DLC MnU NN GeCU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

575. Bruckner János. "Bessenyei és kora politikai filozófiája (1772-1780)," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, LVIII (1954), 21-42.

His relations with the political and societal currents of his time and the manner in which he makes them distinctively his own, alters, or repeats the principles and concepts current in Europe. Based on his writings during his years in Vienna, 1772-1780. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBH

576. Némedi Lajos. "Bessenyei György és a magyar nyelv," Az Egri Pedagógiai Főiskolai Évkönyve, II (1956), 332-376. [Also a reprint]

An account of his ideas and plans for the Hungarian language and advancing its development and use. Bibliography of his works concerned with the subject, pp. 375-376. Illustrations. GeLBM

577. Elek Oszkár. "Ágis tragédiája," Filológiai Közlöny, III (1957), 193-209, 393-413.

The influence of Plutarch's Agis on the work; the building-up; structure, and character of the drama; the ideals of the Enlightenment in it; the effect of the Encyclopédie and Voltaire upon it; and the parallels between the Agis of Gottsched and Alfieri and that of Bessenyei. DLC MH NN NNC AsWN FiHU GeLBM GeOB GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU

578. Némedi Lajos. "Bessenyei elődei és kortársai. Adalékok a magyar felvilágosodás történetéhez," Az Egri Pedagógiai Főiskola Évkönyve, III (1957), 87-109. [Also a reprint]

Those who prepared the way for his activities and those of his own times who had ideas and purposes similar to his without either necessarily knowing about the other. To Csokonai. Bibliographical notes; pp. 19-23. GeLBM GyBH

579. Némedi Lajos. "Bessenyei György és a német felvilágosodás," Az Egri Pedagógiai Főiskola Évkönyve, VI (1960), 261-286.

Seeks to establish the threads linking him as a writer and educator to the German Enlightenment he encountered in Vienna and to trace some of the parallels between German and Hungarian developments in the Enlightenment. Attention to the characteristics of the German Enlightenment, to his knowledge of Gottsched, and to Austrian culture in the first half of the 18th century and its acceptance of Gottsched's principles. Bibliographical notes, pp. 283-285. Summary in German, p. 286. GeLBM GyBDS GyBH

580. Némedi Lajos. "Bessenyei György és a magyar nemzeti művelődés-politika," Magyar Pedagógia, LXI (1961), 398-416. [Also a reprint]

The nature of his thought and efforts in advancing public education in Hungary. Bibliographical footnotes. Summaries in Russian and English, p. 416. DLC GeLBM GyBDS

581. Némedi Lajos. "Bessenyei utóélete (I. 1772-1790)," Az Egri Pedagógiai Főiskola Évkönyve, VII (1961), 355-390.

Concerned with connecting his literary efforts with the reception given to them from 1772 to 1790: his readers, opinions of his writings, his influence on his contemporaries and successors, the place given him in the current of literature, his position in the eyes of public opinion. Bibliographical notes, pp. 389-390. Summary in German, p. 390. GyBH

582. Vajthó László. "Utószó," Bessenyei György válogatott írásai. Válogatta és az utószót írta Vajthó László. Budapest: Magyar Helikon, 1961; 261p. Pp. 217-240.

Biographical treatment; information about his works; the development of his literary career; the nature, content, and merits of his most significant writings; and his place in Hungarian literature. NNC GeLU GyBDS GyGGaU GyGNSU

583. Baróti Dezső. "Ágis tragédiája," A Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum Évkönyve, IV (1962), 15-32.

The influence of 17th-century classical tragedy, especially that of Corneille, on the work; the controversies surrounding the evaluation of its political statements; and the idealism and characteristics of the work. AsWN GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU